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Hi Katrina,</div>
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Here are some studies. </div>
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<p class="elementToProof" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Needham Public Health Division in 2017 interviewed nine MA communities on the impact of
ADUs: <i>Accessory Dwelling Units: A Report for Needham Public Health Division</i>
<a href="https://www.hingham-ma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/15101/Needham-ADU-Report?bidId=" id="OWA05c392ea-f750-2b18-6d45-08b352a12681" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
https://www.hingham-ma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/15101/Needham-ADU-Report?bidId=</a> On p. 8, they state:</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“Impact on schools and traffic: Interviewees noted that these two concerns arise with any proposed changes in
zoning. All nine communities reported that ADUs had minimal or no impact on the number of school-age children or traffic. The main reason for the low impact is the small number of ADUs each town has added." </span></p>
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<p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“A Needed Amendment to the Accessory Dwelling Unit Bylaw” (2023) by Green Needham has a paragraph on ‘Do we know the impact this will
have on school enrollment?’ (question 20) <a href="https://www.greenneedham.org/blog/2023/04/a-needed-amendment-to-the-accessory-dwelling-unit-bylaw/" id="OWA8657c352-4e07-566e-0597-37d2cea45428" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
https://www.greenneedham.org/blog/2023/04/a-needed-amendment-to-the-accessory-dwelling-unit-bylaw/</a> </span></p>
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</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The studies below are about housing production in general, not ADUs in particular, but all point to minimal
impact. If housing production in general has little influence, then the much smaller component of ADUs would have even less of an impact.</span></p>
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<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MAPC. 2017.
<i>The Waning Influence of Housing Production on Public School Enrollment in Massachusetts.
</i><a href="https://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/MAPC_HousingEnrollment_Final.pdf" id="OWAe2e06b16-b0d7-f0c6-7645-b2f68ce88617" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">https://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/MAPC_HousingEnrollment_Final.pdf</a> </span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MAPC. 2018.
<i>Living Little</i>. <a href="https://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Living-Little-Report.pdf" id="OWA58c57955-bfcb-20c4-e40d-f0d4208bd43f" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
https://www.mapc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Living-Little-Report.pdf</a> </span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Section on School Enrollment: pp. 84-85.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“In 2017, MAPC conducted an analysis of housing permits and enrollment trends across 234 public school districts in the region from
2010 to 2016. The study found that there is no meaningful correlation between housing production and increased school enrollments” (p. 84). In particular, they show enrollment declines in Foxborough, Medfield, Medway, Sherborn, Stoughton (p. 85).</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">These school enrollment data are old (2010 to 2016) and have changed since COVID (probably with greater declines),
but the impact of ADUs would seem to still be minimal or non-existent.</span></p>
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</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">A 2019 New Hampshire study analyzed the correlation between rising/declining school enrollments and rising/declining
property takes to support schools and other expenses.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">England, Richard. 2019.
<i>Will More Kids in Town Raise the Local Tax Rate?</i> <a href="https://nhar.org/assets/pdf/England_student_enrollment_Final_Report_to_NHAR(2).pdf" id="OWA904313de-7607-56b0-9de2-2779781705c1" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
https://nhar.org/assets/pdf/England_student_enrollment_Final_Report_to_NHAR(2).pdf</a> </span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Video: Busting the Correlation Myth. 2022.
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXUqXFOPjp8" id="OWA4451b5f0-b1c6-6fdd-cd7c-60463b2d92b0" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXUqXFOPjp8</a> </span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Articles about the study</span></p>
<p style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">O’Halloran, Dan. 2019. “Fear of kids’ impact on tax rates shortsighted.”
<a href="https://www.nhbr.com/fear-of-kids-impact-on-tax-rates-shortsighted/" id="OWA2f79db08-c402-1c36-aa8a-e37b07027cc9" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
https://www.nhbr.com/fear-of-kids-impact-on-tax-rates-shortsighted/</a></span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Brian, Paul. 2024. “Does more kids in town bring higher taxes? Not really, according to NH realtors study.”
<a href="https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2024-01-10/do-more-kids-mean-higher-taxes-not-really-according-to-nh-realtors-association-study" id="OWA5520dd87-b00f-ee76-0924-9e1cc2a41ca3" class="OWAAutoLink" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2024-01-10/do-more-kids-mean-higher-taxes-not-really-according-to-nh-realtors-association-study</a></span></p>
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<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Best,</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Candara, Optima, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Christine</span></p>
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<span style="font-family: Corbel, Skia, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Christine Cousineau, AICP</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Corbel, Skia, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Department of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Corbel, Skia, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Tufts University</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Corbel, Skia, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Bromfield-Pearson Hall, Room 117</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Corbel, Skia, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">503 Boston Ave</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Corbel, Skia, sans-serif; font-size: 9.5pt;">Medford, MA 02155</span></div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> MassPlanners <massplanners-bounces@masscptc.org> on behalf of Katrina O'leary via MassPlanners <massplanners@masscptc.org><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, February 23, 2024 11:02 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Listserv (massplanners@masscptc.org) <massplanners@masscptc.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [External] [Massplanners] ADUs and School Age Children</font>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Good morning.</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Has anyone done a study on the effect of ADUs on the local school system? I have the average number of school age children (SAC) that a 2 bedrooom dwelling unit could generate, but does anyone know of any other studies specific to ADUs
and SAC?</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#244061">Katrina O'Leary, AICP
</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">Middleton Town Planner</span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#244061"></span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Cambria",serif">195 North Main Street Middleton, MA 01949 PH: (978)777-8917</span></p>
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